Minister of Energy and Resources Colleen Young. Photo by Brian Zinchuk

REGINA – One of the big questions around the development of a new lithium industry in Saskatchewan is just what will be the royalty structure? Will it be based on oil and gas extraction, or potash? How much will it be, which is a huge factor in the economics for any project planned for Saskatchewan. That’s doubly important given lithium prices are currently in the dumps, making any project’s economics difficult. Just what royalty rate will allow the birth of an entirely new industry, and yet be fair to taxpayers, owners of the resource?

With lithium companies edging closer to actual commercial production, this needed to be settled forthwith.

Those questions were answered on Oct. 6, with the Minister of Energy and Resources announcing the new structure, with the introduction of regulatory amendments “to set a clear and consistent royalty framework for lithium and other minerals produced from natural brine aquifers,” according to a ministry release.

“These amendments to The Subsurface Mineral Royalty Regulations, 2017 will provide certainty for resource companies looking to develop or invest in lithium projects in Saskatchewan.”

“Lithium is a critical mineral that is expected to see strong demand and growth in the decades ahead, and Saskatchewan is well-positioned to take advantage of this opportunity,” Energy and Resources Minister Colleen Young said in the release. “By putting this royalty framework in place now, we are providing certainty for industry, while ensuring the people of Saskatchewan benefit as this sector develops.”

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“The new royalty framework sets a Crown royalty rate of 3 per cent of the value of brine mineral sales, with a two-year holiday for new productive capacity. The rate set is consistent with Saskatchewan’s Crown royalties for potash, salt and sodium sulphate, while the overall system is competitive with other leading jurisdictions developing lithium from deep natural brine aquifers,” the government said.

That’s substantially lower than royalty rates from oil and gas. When reporting on the Multi-Lateral Oil Well Program announced in 2024, Pipeline Online conferred with the Ministry of Energy and Resources to use examples of oil royalties vs the new program. In that discussion, the number of 17.5 per cent was used as an example for oil royalties.

As it stands, lithium brine processing will be nearly indistinguishable from oil production except by the trained eye. It will involve pumping lithium-rich brine, (salt water) to the surface, processing it, and pumping the remaining salt water back into the ground. This same description essentially describes high water cut oil production.

Historically, Alberta’s oil sands were developed with a one per cent royalty until a project’s cost was paid out, and then 25 per cent after that. While that meant very little in the way of royalties in the early years, as the province’s oil sands projects achieved payout, the royalties to the province became much more substantial. That was not the model chosen here. Insdead, there will be an initial royalty holiday followed by a three per cent royalty ongoing.

This is also happening with a critical mineral has seen enormous price fluctuations in just the last six years. As noted in the previous Pipeline Online lithium story, “The lithium industry in Saskatchewan appears to have officially experienced its first full cycle. Global demand for lithium grew 5X from 2020 – 2025, and with it came extreme price volatility. Zach Maurer remembers lithium prices under USD $8,000 per tonne in 2019, skyrocketing to over USD $80,000 per tonne in 2022, and settling back down to USD $8-$9,000 in spring of 2025.”

That’s a variation of 10x increase then a 90 per cent fall in just six years. As noted above, these variables have enormous impact on each project’s economics. Just a few years ago, lithium explorers in Saskatchewan were basing their calculations on USD $20,000 per tonne, a number long in the rear-view mirror. So the three per cent royalty should make it a lot easier to deal with, as well as attract investment.

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Positive reaction

Lithium developers are happy with the announcement.

Zach Maurer, executive director of Prairie Lithium, said in an email, “The royalty rate, in combination with the production holiday and royalty credit programs, make Saskatchewan an attractive destination for lithium investment.”

Prairie Lithium, having just recently returned to its previous name after a few years as Arizona Lithium, is the closest of Saskatchewan’s lithium developers to reaching commercialization. It is currently working on financing to go ahead with its initial small-scale commercial production, which was likely the key impetus for the policy being announced at this time. Maurer has accompanied Premier Scott Moe to Washington specifically to discuss critical minerals with the U.S.

Savanna Drilling Rig 606 drilling for Arizona Lithium, now again Prairie Lithium, north of Tribune on Oct. 21, 2024. Photo by Brian Zinchuk

“This is another example of the Government of Saskatchewan continuing to encourage responsible resource development and employment in the province,” Grounded Lithium president and CEO Gregg Smith said in the government release. “This new regulatory framework provides a reasonable royalty rate while also recognizing the significant risk and initial investment companies make in processing facilities to ultimately achieve commercial production. Our pursuit of the most attractive geology brought Grounded Lithium to Saskatchewan, and we are pleased to be here.”

Grounded Lithium is developing a project north of Kindersley, near Coleville.

EMP Metals drilling in 2024 near Stoughton. Photo by Brian Zinchuk

 

Karl Kottmeier, CEO of EMP Metals, commented in an email, “This is very welcome news. The government of the province of Saskatchewan has once again proven itself to be supportive of lithium production in the province. This is a highly competitive royalty rate internationally and a two-year royalty holiday on new production immediately makes a positive impact on financial modelling of what is already a compelling business case for our Project Aurora lithium production project.”

EMP Metals is currently building its demonstration plant at Viewfield, south of Stoughton.

In 2023 the province introduced ‘Securing the Future: Saskatchewan’s Critical Minerals Strategy,’ aiming to grow the sector in line with the Saskatchewan growth plan. This strategy targets increasing Saskatchewan’s share of national mineral exploration to 15 per cent by 2030, doubling the number of critical minerals produced, and growing the output of potash, uranium and helium. It also aspires to position Saskatchewan as a key hub for rare earth elements.

Pipeline Online requested a response from the opposition New Democratic Party. They asked for more time to examine the announcement further before responding. Pipeline Online will also be speaking to Minister Young in the near future to discuss how the royalty was arrived at.

 

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Lithium in SK, Part 38: Arizona Lithium is again Prairie Lithium

Lithium in SK, Part 37: EMP Metals gets Sask Critical Minerals Program support, permits, and starts construction on Viewfield demo plant

Lithium in SK, Part 36: Arizona Lithium to use Long Creek Rail for product shipment

Lithium in SK, Part 35: Higher prices per hectare for lithium seen in July 7 Crown sale

Lithium in SK, Part 34: Arizona Lithium all-in on Saskatchewan Prairie Lithium project as it sells its Arizona project

Lithium in SK, Part 33: Arizona Lithium’s path to commercialization this year

Lithium in SK, Part 32: EMP Metals announces results from step-out well near Stoughton

 

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Lithium in SK, Part 31: Critical Mineral Incentives implemented

Lithium in SK, Part 30: Hub City Lithium completes pilot, changes ownership structure, and is drilling near Stoughton

 

Lithium in SK, Part 29: Arizona Lithium begins drilling commercial production wells near Torquay

Lithium in SK, Part 28: Hub City Lithium operating direct lithium extraction pilot in Estevan

Lithium in SK, Part 27: Lithium Bank sells Estevan area land to unnamed buyer

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Lithium in SK, Part 26: Enter the big boys: 70-year-old Denison Mines buys into Grounded Lithium’s Kindersley project

Lithium in SK Part 25: Primacy of rights, revisited

Lithium in SK, Part 24: Hub City Lithium releases preliminary economic assessment for Viewfield project

Lithium in SK, Part 23: November Crown land sale shows expanding positions

Lithium in SK, Part 22: Arizona Lithium is running its pilot plant for Torquay project, elaborates on commercialization plans for 2025

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Lithium in SK, Part 21: Arizona Lithium begins work on future commercial site near Torquay

Lithium in SK, Part 20: Hub City Lithium again finds some of the high concentrations in Canada, announcing second test well results

Lithium in SK, Part 19: Grounded Lithium’s Kindersley project could cost $447 million to build, but bring in $350 million per year

 

Lithium in SK, Part 18: Hub City Lithium drills second targeted well in Viewfield area, near Stoughton

Lithium in SK, Part 17: Lithium prices have come down … to only US$70,000 a tonne. A decade ago, they were US$7,000

Lithium in SK, Part 16: Arizona Lithium closes Prairie Lithium deal

Lithium in SK, Part 15: Grounded Lithium lays out its development plan

Lithium in SK, Part 14: Prairie Lithium gets federal money, acquisition deal to close soon

Lithium in SK, Part 13B: Hub City announces highest lithium concentration to date, by a significant margin

Lithium in SK: Part 13: Coming into lithium with revenue already flowing from oil

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Lithium in SK, Part 12: Hub City Lithium shows promising results northeast of Weyburn

Lithium in SK, Part 11: A detailed video on lithium geology in SE Sask

Lithium in SK, Part 10: A helium explorer who found lithium responds

Lithium in SK, Part 9: And the acquisitions begin, with Prairie Lithium to be acquired by Arizona Lithium

Lithium in SK, Part 8: Ministry of Energy and Resources response to primacy of rights issues

Lithium in SK: Part 7b: The rent’s due, and so is the LLR

Lithium in SK, Part 7: Dealing with an embarrassment of riches – sorting out the primacy of rights

Lithium in SK, Part 6: Direct Lithium Extraction is the multi-billion dollar question

Lithium in SK, Part 5: Prairie Lithium – Old wells or new wells?

Lithium in SK, Part 4: Prairie Lithium pursuing the idea there could be lithium in those brines

Lithium in SK, Part 3: Crown land sale reveals sixth entrant in Saskatchewan lithium exploration race

Lithium in SK, Part 2: Saskatchewan government launches lithium incentives

Lithium in SK Part 1: As the race for lithium takes off, Saskatchewan is seeing the dawn of a new industry